multi-function-calculator/Multi-Function Calculator.asciidoc

https://freecodecamp.org/[image:https://cdn.freecodecamp.org/testable-projects-fcc/images/fcc_secondary.svg[freeCodeCamp]]

**Learn Foundational Math 1 by Building an Equation Solver** Each of
these steps will lead you toward the Certification Project. First you
have to copy the files and set them up in your Google Drive.

== ↓ *Do this first* ↓

Make sure you are logged into your Google account, and copy this
notebook to your own account. Click ``File'' (at the top of this page)
and then click ``Save a copy in Drive.'' The file will be in a folder
called ``Colab Notebooks'' in your Google Drive.

#Directions - Click to expand the next step Click on the little triangle
next to the word ``Step'' to do that step. Once you complete a step,
click the triangle to expand the next step.

== Step 0 - Acquire the testing library

Please run this code to get the library file from FreeCodeCamp. Each
step will use this library to test your code. You do not need to edit
anything; just run this code cell and wait a few seconds until it tells
you to go on to the next step.


+*In[1]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
# You may need to run this cell at the beginning of each new session

!pip install requests

# This will just take a few seconds

import requests

# Get the library from GitHub
url = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/freeCodeCamp/cdn/main/build/math-cert-tests/math-code-test-a.py'
r = requests.get(url)

# Save the library in a local working directory
with open('math_code_test_a.py', 'w') as f:
    f.write(r.text)

# Now you can import the library
import math_code_test_a as test

# This will tell you if the code works
test.step19()
----


+*Out[1]:*+
----
Requirement already satisfied: requests in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages (2.28.2)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2017.4.17 in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from requests) (2019.11.28)
Requirement already satisfied: idna<4,>=2.5 in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from requests) (2.8)
Requirement already satisfied: charset-normalizer<4,>=2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages (from requests) (3.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1 in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from requests) (1.25.8)
WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv

[notice] A new release of pip is available: 23.0.1 -> 23.1.2
[notice] To update, run: python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

 Test passed. You can go on to the next step.
----

== Step 1 - Add

To help you get familiar with Colab notebooks, you will start with the
basics. Python uses `+`, `-`, `*`, and `/` for the four math operations:
add, subtract, multiply, and divide. When you add two numbers, the
result is the sum. Use addition within the `print` statement to get the
sum of `a` and `b`. To run the code, you can hit ``shift'' and ``enter''
or you can click the run button (the triangle inside a circle).


+*In[2]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
a=1
b=2

# Change the next line to print the sum of a and b
print(a+b)


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step01(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[2]:*+
----
3
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

== Step 2 - Subtract

When you subtract two numbers, the result is the difference. Use
subtraction in the print statement to get the difference between `c` and
`d`. Remember to use ``shift'' and ``enter'' to run the code.


+*In[3]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
c = 7
d = 3

# Change the next line to print the positive difference between c and d
print(c-d)


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step02(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[3]:*+
----
4
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

== Step 3 - Multiply

When you multiply numbers, the result is the product. Use multiplication
within the print statement to get the product of `e` and `f`:


+*In[4]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
e = 2
f = 4

# Change the next line to print the product of e and f
print(e*f)


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step03(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[4]:*+
----
8
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

== Step 4 - Divide

When you divide two numbers, the result is the quotient. Use division
within the print statement to get the quotient of `g` and `h`:


+*In[5]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
g = 8
h = 4

# Change the next line
print(g/h)


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step04(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[5]:*+
----
2.0
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

== Step 5 - Cast Input

User input comes in as a string, so you need to cast it as an integer or
a float before doing any math. The code below asks for input and uses
`int()` to cast it as an integer. Follow the model and cast the second
variable as an integer. Then run the code an test it. (Remember to hit
``enter'' after you type each integer in the box.)


+*In[6]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
strA = input('Enter a positive integer: ')
intA = int(strA)

strB = input('Enter another positive integer: ')

# Change the next line but keep the variable name:
intB = int(strB)


print(intA+intB)


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step05(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[6]:*+
----
Enter a positive integer:  23
Enter another positive integer:  53

76
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

#Step 6 - Input and cast on the same line

You can prompt for input and cast that input on the same line. Notice
the nested functions in the first line of code. Follow that model to
prompt for input and cast that input as an integer on the same line.


+*In[7]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
intA = int(input('Enter an integer: '))

# Change the next line but keep the variable name:
intB = int(input('Enter an integer: '))


print(intA+intB)


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step06(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[7]:*+
----
Enter an integer:  234
Enter an integer:  2342

2576
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

#Step 7 - Float numbers

A float number allows decimal places. When prompting for a number as
input, casting that as a float is usually the best choice. Follow the
model below to prompt for input and cast that input as a float on the
same line.


+*In[8]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
a = float(input('Enter a number: '))

# Change the next line but keep the variable name:
b = float(input('Enter a number: '))


print(a/b)


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step07(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[8]:*+
----
Enter a number:  3431231
Enter a number:  341413

10.050088895267608
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

== Step 8 - Order of Operations

You may have heard of the order of operations and the acronym PEMDAS,
which reminds you of the correct order. This means that you do what is
in Parentheses first, then simplify Exponents. You then do all of the
Multiplication and Division together, as long as you work from left to
right and simplify them in order. The same is true of Addition and
Subtraction: work from left to right and simplify the one the comes up
next. Python knows the order of operations. In the following code,
Python will calculate the actual_answer correctly. Notice the use of
`**` to indicate an exponent. Do the arithmetic in your head (no writing
code) and change the `your_answer` variable, then run the code to see if
your_answer matches the actual_answer.


+*In[9]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
actual_answer = (1+4*2-14/2)**3

# Put your answer on the following line:
your_answer = 8

print('Actual answer is ', actual_answer)
print('Your answer is ', your_answer)


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step08(your_answer)
----


+*Out[9]:*+
----
Actual answer is  8.0
Your answer is  8
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

== Step 9 - Remainder and Modulus

A remainder is what is left over when you try to divide two numbers and
it doesn’t divide evenly. The remainder of 10 / 4 is 2 because 4 goes
into 10 two whole times, with 2 left over. The modulus (`%`) operator
will output the remainder, so `10 % 4` will return 2. Use the modulus
operator to find the remainder of a divided by b:


+*In[10]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
a = 14
b = 6

# Change this line
print(a%b)


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step09(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[10]:*+
----
2
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

== Step 10 - Modulus and Factors

Use an `if` statement with the modulus operator to find out if one
number is a factor of another. For example, to see if 5 is a factor of
20, you can test `if 20 % 5 == 0`. If there’s no remainder, the second
number is a factor of the first. Remember that Python comparisons use
`==` to test values. Remember that the `if` statement ends in a colon
(`:`) and the resulting block is indented four spaces. Finish the code
below to print ``true'' if `test_factor` is a factor of `number` and
print ``false'' if it is not.


+*In[11]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
number = int(input('Enter an integer: '))
test_factor = int(input('Enter an integer to see if it’s a factor: '))

# Change the next line to test the factor:
if number % test_factor == 0:
    print('true')
else:
    print('false')


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step10(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[11]:*+
----
Enter an integer:  23423
Enter an integer to see if it’s a factor:  234242

false
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

== Step 11 - Finding Factors

Now you will find all of the factors of a number. This code has a loop
with a variable, `test_factor`, that iterates through a defined range.
Remember that the first line defining the loop ends in a colon (:) and
each line in the loop requires a four-space indent. Change the `if`
statement to find all the factors of `number`.


+*In[12]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
number = int(input('Enter an integer: '))

# Only change the if statement:
for test_factor in range(1, number+1):
    if number % test_factor == 0:
        print(test_factor)


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step11(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[12]:*+
----
Enter an integer:  441

1
3
7
9
21
49
63
147
441
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

== Step 12 - Prime Numbers

A prime number is a number whose only factors are 1 and itself. The
number 5 is prime because its only factors are 1 and 5, but the 6 is not
prime because it has 1, 2, 3, and 6 as factors. Any number that is not a
prime is a composite. For each iteration in the loop, `test_number` will
be a possible factor. Change the `if` statement so that the code prints
``composite'' if `number` is not prime.


+*In[13]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
number = int(input("Enter a positive integer: "))

prime_or_comp = "prime"

for test_number in range(2,number):
    # Change the if statement to test one factor here:
    if number % test_number == 0:
        prime_or_comp = "composite"
        break

print(prime_or_comp)


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step12(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[13]:*+
----
Enter a positive integer:  5345

composite
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

== Step 13 - Reciprocals

A _reciprocal_ is a number ``flipped.'' The reciprocal of
latexmath:[$\frac{2}{3}$] is latexmath:[$\frac{3}{2}$] and the
reciprocal of 5 is latexmath:[$\frac{1}{5}$] because whole numbers have
denominators of 1. You can multiply a number by its reciprocal to get 1,
so 5 * latexmath:[$\frac{1}{5}$] = 1 and latexmath:[$\frac{2}{3}$] *
latexmath:[$\frac{3}{2}$] = 1. To get the reciprocal of a number, take 1
divided by that number. Trying to get the reciprocal of zero will lead
to a ``divide by zero'' error. Use a print statement to output the
reciprocal of `n` as a decimal.


+*In[14]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
n = float(input('Enter a number: '))

# Write your code here
print(1/n)


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step13(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[14]:*+
----
Enter a number:  535

0.001869158878504673
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

== Step 14 - Splitting input

The code below asks for two integers, separated by a comma, then splits
the input at the comma. Notice the input remains a string, then the
`split()` function creates an array with two elements. Finish the
following code to cast the two variables `a` and `b` as `float` numbers,
then divide the two numbers and print the result.


+*In[15]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
nums = input('Enter two numbers, separated by a comma: ')
sp = nums.split(",")

# Use the next line as a model:
a = float(sp[0])

# Change the next line to cast the number as a float:
b = float(sp[1])

# Change the print statement:
print(a/b)


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step14(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[15]:*+
----
Enter two numbers, separated by a comma:  324, 543

0.5966850828729282
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

== Step 15 - Square Numbers

One factor multiplied by itself will produce a square number, so a
number raised to an exponent of 2 is that number squared (like
calculating the area of a square). Python uses `**` to indicate
exponents. Complete the code to print the square of the input.


+*In[16]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
n = float(input('Enter a number to square: '))

# Change this line of code:
print(n**2)


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step15(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[16]:*+
----
Enter a number to square:  4

16.0
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

== Step 16 - Square Root Function

You can find the square root of a number with the `sqrt()` function. To
use this function, you need to import the math library. This library
enables you to use many functions, as you will see in later steps. To
get the square root of x, you would write `math.sqrt(x)`. Complete the
code to print the square root of a number.


+*In[17]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
import math

n = float(input('Enter a number to find the square root: '))

# Change the next line of code:
print(math.sqrt(n))


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step16(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[17]:*+
----
Enter a number to find the square root:  25

5.0
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

== Step 17 - Floor Function

The`floor()` function drops any decimals and sometimes is called the
integer part of a number. Complete the code to print the floor of a
number. Notice you `import math` and use `math.floor(n)`


+*In[18]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
import math

n = float(input('Enter a number with decimal places: '))

# Change the next line of code:
print(math.floor(n))


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step17(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[18]:*+
----
Enter a number with decimal places:  3.5536363

3
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

== Step 18 - Finding Square Factors

This step will combine a few things you have already done. Remember that
a square number is an integer that is the result of multiplying another
integer by itself. Just as you created a loop to find factors of an
integer, here you will find the greatest factor that is a perfect
square. For example, 2 is a factor of 16, but 2 is not a square number,
while 4 is a factor and it is a square number, but it is not the
greatest square factor. The greatest square factor of 16 is 16. The
greatest square factor of 32 is 16. Complete `if` statement in the loop
to find the greatest square factor of a number.


+*In[20]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
import math

n = int(input('Enter an integer to find the greatest square factor: '))

max_factor = 1
upper_limit = math.floor(math.sqrt(n)) + 1

# Change one line in this loop:
for maybe_factor in range(1,upper_limit):
    if n % (maybe_factor**2) == 0:
        max_factor = maybe_factor

# Keep this print statement:
print(max_factor**2)


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step18(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[20]:*+
----
Enter an integer to find the greatest square factor:  32

16
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

== Step 19 - Dividing out Factors

Building upon your code from the previous step, this code will divide
out the greatest square factor of a number. You don’t need to change
anything; just run the code below a few times, inputting different
numbers each time.


+*In[21]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
import math

n = int(input('Enter an integer to factor: '))
upper_limit = math.floor(math.sqrt(n)) + 1
square_root = 1
max_factor = 1
other_factor = 1

# Notice what the loop is doing here
for maybe_factor in range(1, upper_limit):
    # Check for square factors
    if n % (maybe_factor**2) == 0:
        # Find the greatest square factor
        max_factor = maybe_factor**2

# Divide out the greatest square factor
other_factor = n/max_factor

# Display the results
print("", n, " = ", max_factor, " * ", other_factor)


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step19()
----


+*Out[21]:*+
----
Enter an integer to factor:  56

 56  =  4  *  14.0

 Test passed. You can go on to the next step.
----

== Step 20 - Factoring Square Roots

The last four steps prepared you for this. To factor a square root, you
want to divide out any perfect square factors. For example:
latexmath:[$\sqrt{12}$] = latexmath:[$\sqrt{4 * 3}$] =
2latexmath:[$\sqrt{3}$] Because 4 is a square number, the square root of
4 is now outside the radical. You will import `sympy` and `symbols` to
use the radical (latexmath:[$\sqrt{x}$]) in the output. Use the code
from the previous step (without changing much). Your goal is to ask for
a number and output the factored square root. The radical formatting
(using sympy and symbols) is already done for you.


+*In[22]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
import math
import sympy
from sympy import symbols

n = int(input('Without the radical, enter a square root to factor: '))

# Use these variables
upper_limit = math.floor(math.sqrt(n)) + 1
max_factor = 1
other_factor = 1
square_root = 1

# Notice what the loop is doing here
for maybe_factor in range(1, upper_limit):
    if n % (maybe_factor**2) == 0:
        max_factor = maybe_factor**2

# Divide out the greatest square factor
other_factor = n/max_factor

# Output - keep this:
square_root = int(math.sqrt(max_factor))
other_factor = int(other_factor)
output = square_root*sympy.sqrt(other_factor)


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step20()
output
----


+*Out[22]:*+
----
Without the radical, enter a square root to factor:  32


 Test passed. This is this your factored square root:

4*sqrt(2)----

== Step 21 - Rounding

If you only want a certain number of decimal places, use the `round()`
function. This takes two arguments: the number to round and the number
of decimal places, so `round(2.468, 2)` will return `2.47`. To round a
large number instead of a decimal number, make the second argument
negative, so `round(2345, -3)` will return `2000`. Finish the code below
so that it prints the first number rounded to the nearest million (six
zeros) and the second number rounded to 3 decimal places.


+*In[23]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
a = 14588132
b = 0.006538298336

# Write your code here
print(round(a, -6))
print(round(b, 3))



# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step21(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[23]:*+
----
15000000
0.007
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

== Step 22 - Fractions, Decimals, Percents

To convert a decimal number to a fraction, let latexmath:[$x$] = the
number of decimal places. The basic fraction is the number (without the
decimal point) over 10latexmath:[$^{x}$]. Example: 0.2 =
latexmath:[$\frac{2}{10}$] and 0.34 = latexmath:[$\frac{34}{100}$] and
0.567 = latexmath:[$\frac{567}{1000}$]. In some cases, you may be able
to reduce that fraction. Because ``percent'' means ``out of 100'' the
percent refers to the first two decimal places. Complete the code to ask
for a decimal input, then print the fraction and the percent. Hint: The
`exponent` variable gives you the number of decimal places.


+*In[24]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
import math

digits = input("Enter a decimal number to convert: ")
exponent = int(len(digits))-1
n = float(digits)

# Change the values of these three variables
numerator = int(n*10**exponent)
denominator = 10**exponent
percent = (numerator/denominator)*100

# Output - keep this
print("The decimal is ", n)
print("The fraction is ", numerator, "/", denominator)
print("The percent is ", percent, " %")


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step22(n,numerator,denominator,percent,exponent)
----


+*Out[24]:*+
----
Enter a decimal number to convert:  .3242

The decimal is  0.3242
The fraction is  3242 / 10000
The percent is  32.42  %
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

== Step 23 - Defining a Function

To execute a block of code with one command, define a function with the
`def` command and the name of the function. Notice everything in the
function is indented 4 spaces. Run the following code to see an example.
Then change the function name to `fun()` and also change the name where
you call the function. Run the code again.


+*In[25]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
# Define a function
def fun():
    print("This is in the function")

# Other code not in the function
print("This is outside the function")

# Call the function
fun()

print("Back outside the function")

# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step23(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[25]:*+
----
This is outside the function
This is in the function
Back outside the function
 
Code test passed
Go on to the next step
----

== Step 24 - Function with Input

A function can take input (called an ``argument'') and do something with
that input. Use `def` to define the function, and include a variable in
the parentheses to represent the argument. Indent everything that is a
part of the function. When calling the function, pass the argument to it
in the parentheses. Run the following code to see this example. Then
change the `input()` variable name to `nombre` and also change that
variable name in the argument when you call the function. Run the code
again.


+*In[26]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
# Define a function
def greeting(name):
    print("Hello ", name)

nombre = input("What is your name? \n")

# Call the function
greeting(nombre)

# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step24(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[26]:*+
----
What is your name? 
 Python

Hello  Python
 
Code test passed
You can go on to the next step
----

== Step 25 - Function with Two Inputs

To pass more than one argument to a function, separate the arguments
with commas. Run the code to see the example, then add a third argument
to the function and run it again. The `third` variable is already in the
code. Change three lines of code to use that variable: (1) the argument
when you call the function, (2) the argument when you define the
function, (3) the `sum` line within in the function definition.


+*In[50]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
# Define function
def add(a,b, c):
  # Use c for the third variable
  sum = a+b+c
  print("The sum is ", sum)

first = float(input("Enter a number: \n"))
second= float(input("Enter another number: \n"))
third = 3

# Call the function
add(first,second, third)

# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step25(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[50]:*+
----
Enter a number: 
 231
Enter another number: 
 321

The sum is  555.0
 
Code test passed
You can go on to the next step
----

== Step 26 - Function with Return Value

Instead of including a `print()` statement within the function, the
function can `return` a value right where you call it. To make the
function return a value, use the `return` statement. Run the following
code to see an example, then change the `return` statement to multiply
by 3 instead of 2 and run the code again.


+*In[52]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
# define the function
def multiplied(number):
    return number*3

a = float(input("Enter a number: \n"))
print("Your number multiplied = ", multiplied(a))


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step26(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])
----


+*Out[52]:*+
----
Enter a number: 
 322

Your number multiplied =  966.0
 
Code test passed
You can go on to the next step
----

== Step 27 - Solving for x

In Algebra, `X` often refers to the unknown number in an equation. To
find the value of `x` we use algebra rules to get to `x =` [some
number]. SymPy is a Python library to work with symbolic math. The
following code works to solve an equation set equal to zero. Run the
code and remember to use Python syntax to enter an equation (with ``x''
as the variable) and see the solution.


+*In[54]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
import sympy
from sympy import symbols
from sympy.solvers import solve

x = symbols('x')

eq = input('Enter an equation to solve for x: 0 = ')
print(len(solve(eq,x)))
print("x = ", solve(eq,x)[0])


# Only change code above this line
import math_code_test_a as test
test.step27(In[-1].split('# Only change code above this line')[0])

----


+*Out[54]:*+
----
Enter an equation to solve for x: 0 =  23*x**2 + 32*x + 2342

2
x =  -16/23 - sqrt(53610)*I/23
If you didn't get a syntax error, you are ready for the project
----

== Step 28 - Make your own Functions

Building upon what you did in previous steps, define a different
function for each of the following:

Add, subtract, multiply, divide

Detect prime numbers

Generate prime factors of a number

Simplify square roots

Solve for a variable

Each function should prompt the user with a question, take input, and
output the answer.


+*In[27]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
# Write your code here
import re
import sympy
from sympy import symbols
from sympy.solvers import solve

def arithematic():
    print("Enter an equation comprising only of numbers seprated by aithematic operators:")
    eq = input()
    if (re.search("^(\s?[0-9]+\s?[+-\\\*]\s?)+[0-9]+$", eq)):
        result = eval(eq)
        print(f'{eq} = {result}')
    else:
        print("Error: equation is not in accepted format")

def get_smallest_prime_factor(num):
    if (num % 2 == 0 and num != 2):
        return 2
    
    for i in range(3, int(num/2)+1, 2):
        if num % i == 0:
            return i

    return 1
        
def is_prime():
    try:
        num = int(input("Type a natural number to test if it a prime number:"))
    except Exception as e:
        print("Error:", e)
        return
        
    smallest_prime_factor = get_smallest_prime_factor(num)
    if (smallest_prime_factor == 1):
        print(f"{num} is a prime number.")
    else:
        print(f"{num} is not a prime number and is divisible by {smallest_prime_factor}")

def prime_factorization():
    try:
        num = int(input("Type a natural number to find it's prime factors:"))
    except Exception as e:
        print("Error:", e)
    
    factors = []
    new_num = num
    while True:
        factor = get_smallest_prime_factor(new_num)
        if (factor == 1):
            factors.append(int(new_num))
            break
        else:
            factors.append(factor)
            new_num /= factor
    print(f"Prime factors of {num} are:")
    print(' x '.join([str(n) for n in factors]))

def simplify_sqrt():
    try:
        sqrt = int(input("Input a radical/square root number (without symbol) to find it's simplified form:"))
    except Exception as e:
        print("Error:", e)
        return
    
    maybe_factor = 2
    max_factor = 1
    while (maybe_factor**2 <= sqrt):
        if (sqrt % maybe_factor**2 == 0):
            max_factor = maybe_factor
        maybe_factor += 1
    return max_factor*sympy.sqrt(int(sqrt/max_factor**2))

def solve_for_x():
    try:
        eq = input("Type an equation to solve for x. 0 = ")
        x = symbols("x")
        solutions = solve(eq, x)
        for s in solutions:
            print("x =", s)
    except BaseException as e:
        print(f"Error: {e}")

# This step does not have test
----

== Step 29 - Create a Menu

Use print statements to create a menu that displays a numbered list of
options. Then prompt for user input to choose an option. Use an `if`
statement to print a different message for each option in the menu.


+*In[28]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
# Write your code here
from IPython.display import display

options = [("Simple calculations", arithematic),
           ("Check if a number is prime", is_prime),
           ("Prime factorize a number", prime_factorization),
           ("Find simplified form of a square root", simplify_sqrt),
           ("Solve an euqation for X", solve_for_x)]

def print_menu():
    print("What would you like to do?")
    for i in range(len(options)):
        print(f"{i+1}: {options[i][0]}")

# This step does not have test
----

== Step 30 - Certification Project 1

Now put it all together to build a multi-function calculator. Use the
menu and the functions you created in the previous steps. Define one
more function of your own. Create the menu so that the user input will
run a function.


+*In[29]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----
# Write your code here

print_menu()

try:
    selected = int(input())
except BaseException as e:
    print("Error:", e)
if selected < 1 or selected > len(options):
    print("Error: Invalid option selected")
elif selected == 4: # for pretty printing sqrt symbol
    display(options[selected-1][1]())
else:
    options[selected-1][1]()

# This step does not have test
----


+*Out[29]:*+
----
What would you like to do?
1: Simple calculations
2: Check if a number is prime
3: Prime factorize a number
4: Find simplified form of a square root
5: Solve an euqation for X

 4
Input a radical/square root number (without symbol) to find it's simplified form: 32
4*sqrt(2)----


+*In[ ]:*+
[source, ipython3]
----

----